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My Scientific Curriculum Vita from my Previous Life

Evgeny Victor Dafner, Ph.D., Principal Broker

Professional Interests:

Nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon cycling in the ocean
Biogeochemistry of marine organic matter
Interactions between geo-chemical, biological and physical features in marine systems
Modification of analytical techniques for environmental studies
Application of geo-chemical, biological and physical method of analyses for the study of hydrothermal plume and bottom sediment-buried environments

Post Doctoral Research Fellowships

August 1996 – May 1997 - Dep. of Analytical Chemistry, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Belgium (in collaboration with Dr. Leo Goeyens)

Improvement of method for total dissolved nitrogen analysis and its application to natural waters

June 1997 – May 1999 - Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, CNRS EP 2032, Marseille, France (in collaboration with Dr. Micheline Bianchi)

Carbon fluxes in highly dynamic areas of the Mediterranean Sea at different spatial-temporal scales

Academic Training

Ph.D. in Chemical Oceanography (1994) - M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate as indicators of Frontal Zones in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean

Diploma in Oceanography (1987) - M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Chemical species as indicators of Frontal Zones in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean

Professional Experience

2003 – 2004 Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii Manoa, Research Associate
2002 – 2003 Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Research Analyst I. Chemistry and Marine Sciences Graduate Faculty
2000 – 2002 Center for Marine Science (CMS), University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Nutrient Laboratory Manager
1997 – 1999 Laboratory of Marine Microbiology - CNRS EP 2032, Marseille, France, Post Doctoral Researcher
1996 - 1997 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Free University of Brussels (VUB) Brussels, Belgium, Post Doctoral Researcher
1994 - 1997 Laboratory of Marine Ecology (Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, VNIRO), Senior Scientist
1990 - 1994 Laboratory of Marine Ecology (VNIRO), Junior Scientist
1987 - 1990 Laboratory of Marine Ecology (VNIRO), Postgraduate Student
1987 Laboratory of Marine Ecology (VNIRO), Junior Scientist

Recent research initiatives

Application of geochemical, biological and physical method of analyses for the study
Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in the coastal and shelf waters of the Southeastern NC
Improvement of the method for simultaneous TDN and TDP determinations in aquati systems
Fluxes of carbon dioxide in the North Atlantic at the different spatial and temporal scales
Dissolved organic and inorganic nutrient cycling in the coral reef waters (Florida Keys, USA)
Dissolved organic carbon and nutrient exchanges through the Strait of Gibraltar
Cycle of carbon in the Mediterranean Sea (Rhône River plume front and Almeria-Oran Front)
Biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean Meddies in the North Atlantic
Relationship between distribution of chemical and physical properties in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and in the North Atlantic

Teaching experience

CMS/UNCW, Spring 2002: Carbon Cycle and Global Change in Marine Environments (CHM 591)
SOEST/UHM, Fall 2003: Chemical Oceanography Lab Methods (OCN 633, co-instructor)

Additional teaching interests

Chemical Oceanography
Introduction to Oceanography
Experimental Oceanography
Regional Oceanography

Journal Referee

Journal of Environmental Monitoring
Journal of Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sciences

Former Professional Societies

American Geophysical Union
American Society of Limnology and Oceanography

Languages

Russian
English

Field Experience (a total of thirty-five months at-sea experience):

2003: March, April, June, July,October, December; North Pacific, Hawaiian Ocean Time-Series Station (ALOHA)
2004: February, April, June, July North Pacific, Hawaiian Ocean Time-Series Station (ALOHA)
2001, February Northeastern Atlantic, France POMME/JGOFS Program
2001, March - April Northeastern Atlantic, France POMME/JGOFS Program
2000, October Florida Keys, NCORE Program, U.S.A.
1998, April Strait of Gibraltar, MAST 3, CANIGO Program, EC
1998, February Strait of Gibraltar, MAST 3, CANIGO Program, EC
1997, Nov. – 1998, Jan. Alboran Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea), France FRONTAL/JGOFS Program
1997, September Strait of Gibraltar, MAST 3, CANIGO Program, EC
1996, December Southern part of the North Sea and the Scheld River Estuary
1995, Sept. – Nov. Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, ANTARES 3 France JGOFS
1994, June - August Sea of Okhotsk
1993, June - August Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea
1991, June - July White Sea
1991, Nov. – October Black Sea
1990, Nov. – 1991, May Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
1989, July Black Sea
1988, Aug. – 1989, Jan. Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
1986, June - August Fjords of the Barents Sea
1985, June - October Sea of Japan
1984, June Black Sea

Participation in International Conferences

2004 ASLO/TOC Meeting, February 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
2002 European Geophysical Union Spring Meeting, April 2002, Nice, France
2001 AGU 2001 Ocean Fall Sciences Meeting, December 10-14, San Francisco
1999 CANIGO Conference, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, 12-16 September 1999
1998 AGU 1998 Ocean Sciences Meeting, February 9-13, San Diego
1998 On the variability of the Mediterranean Sea, 15-17 October, Rhodos, Greece
1998 Ocean Sciences Meeting, 9-13 February, San Diego, CA, USA
1997 International Symposium on Environmental Research in the Antarctic, 3-4 December, Tokyo, Japan
1995 Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, 29th Annual Congress, 2 May Canada
1995 Ocean 95 MTS/IEEE, October 9-12, San-Diego, CA, USA
1995 International Symposium. Carbon flux and dynamic processes in the Southern Ocean: Present and Past, August 28-31, Brest, France
1995 XXI General Assembly of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO), August 5-12, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

Publications

Articles:

Dafner E.V., M.A. Mallin, J.J. Souza, H.A. Wells and D.C. Parsons, 2005. Nitrogen and phosphorus species in the coastal and shelf waters of Southeastern North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic U.S. coast, Marine Chemistry, 103 (3-4),: 289-303.

González Dávila M., J. M. Santana-Casiano, L. Merlivat and E.V. Dafner, 2005. Fluxes of CO₂ between atmosphere and ocean during POMME Project in the North-East Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110 (C11): 10,1029 10,1043.

Sempéré R., E.V. Dafner, F. Van Wambeke, D. Lefèvre, M. Bianchi, C. Magen, S. Allègre and L. Prieur, 2003. Distribution and cycling of total organic carbon across the Almeria-Oran Front in the Mediterranean Sea: Implications for carbon cycling in the western basin. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (C11): 3361-3372.

González-Dávila M., J.M. Santana-Casiano and E.V. Dafner, 2003. Meso-scale variations of carbonate system parameters and estimates of CO₂ fluxes during winter events in the Gulf of Cádiz, NE Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (C11): 3344-3355.

Dafner E.V., R. Boscalo and H.L. Bryden, 2003. The N:Si:P molar ratio in the Strait of Gibraltar, Geophysical Research Letters, 30 (10): 1506-1510.

Dafner E.V., N. Mordasova, Yu. Mikhailovsky, P. Selin, V. Zubarevich, V. Maslennikov and N. Arzhanova, 2003. Major nutrients and oxygen as indicators of frontal zones in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (C7): 3227-3242.

Dafner E.V. and P.J. Wangersky, 2002. A brief overview of modern directions in marine DOC studies. I - Methodological aspects. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 4 (1): 48-54.

Dafner E.V. and P.J. Wangersky, 2002. A brief overview of modern directions in marine DOC studies. II - Recent progress in marine DOC studies. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 4 (1): 55-69.

Dafner E.V., R. Sempéré and H.L. Bryden, 2001. Total organic carbon distribution and budget through the Strait of Gibraltar in April 1998. Marine Chemistry, 73: 223-252.

Dafner E.V., M. González-Dávila, J. M. Santana-Casiano and R. Sempéré, 2001. Total organic and inorganic carbon exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar in September 1997. Deep-Sea Research I, 48: 1217-1235.

Dafner E.V., R. Sempéré, M. Goutx and N. González, 1999. Cross-slope variation of dissolved organic carbon during winter events in the Gulf of Cádiz, NE Atlantic Ocean (February 1998). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 189: 301-306.

Dafner E.V., R. Sempéré, S.C. Yoro, A. Agatova and G. Cauwet, 1999. Application of the wet oxidation method for dissolved organic carbon analysis in the Southern Ocean. De l’Académie des Sciences, Série III-Sciences de la vie/Life, 329: 345-350.

Dafner E.V., S. De Galan and L. Goeyens, 1999. Microwave digestion of organic substances, a useful tool for dissolved organic nitrogen measurements. Water Research, 33(2): 548-554.

Dafner E.V., A.I. Obzhirov and O. Veretchagina, 1998. The occurrence and distribution of methane in waters of the Okhotsk, Bering Seas and area of the Kuril Islands. Hydrobiologia, 362: 93-101.

Dafner E.V., 1997. Primary production and development of phytoplankton in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. GeoJournal, 41(1): 5-14.

Agatova A.I., E.V. Dafner, N.I. Torgunova, V.V. Sapozhnikov and T.K. Ukolova, 1996. The trends in the distribution of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the Sea of Okhotsk. Okeanologia, 36(6): 856-864 (in Russian).

Dafner E.V. and P.Yu. Selin, 1995. Organic matter in waters of the Southwestern Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. GeoJournal, 35: 71-77.

Agatova A.I., E.V. Dafner and N.I. Torgunova, 1994. Biochemical composition of organic matter in the White Sea and the rates of nutrients regeneration in the summer. In: Complex Studies of White Sea Ecosystem: Collected papers. Moscow, VNIRO, pp. 53-76 (in Russian).

Dafner E.V. and N.V. Mordasova, 1994. Influence of biotic factors on the chemical structure of the surface water in the Polar Frontal Zone of the Atlantic Antarctic. Marine Chemistry, 45: 137-148.

Agatova A.I., E.V. Dafner, V.V. Sapozhnikov, N.I. Torgunova and T.K. Ukolova, 1993. Dissolved organic matter of the Bering Sea. Russian Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 2(2): 123-130.

Agatova A.I., E.V. Dafner, V.V. Sapozhnikov and N.I. Torgunova, 1993. The organic matter of the White Sea: the rates of transformation and the regeneration of nutrients in the summer. Russian Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 2(1): 35-48.

Dafner E.V. and N.V. Mordasova, 1993. Conditions of phytoplankton development in the vicinity of the Southern Boundary of the Polar Frontal Zone in the Atlantic Antarctic. In: Pelagic Ecosystems of the Southern Ocean, Moscow, Nauka, pp.125-126 (in Russian).

Dafner E.V. and P.Yu. Selin, 1993. Total organic carbon in waters of the Southwestern Atlantic Antarctic during the summer-autumn season of 1990. Russian Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 2(2): 111-122.

Dafner E.V., 1992. Dissolved organic carbon in waters of the Polar Frontal Zone of the Atlantic Antarctic in the spring-summer of 1988-1989. Marine Chemistry, 37: 275-283.

Mordasova N.V., E.V. Dafner, V.L. Zubarevich, Yu.A. Mikhailovsky, P.Yu. Selin and A.I. Bondarenko, 1990. The chemical characteristics of waters in the South Polar Frontal Zone in the Southwest Atlantic. In: Biological Resources: Conditions, Perspectives and Problems of their Rational Use. Electrona carlsbergi in the Southern Polar Frontal Zone, edited by V.V. Maslennikov, Vol.1, VNIRO, pp. 90-108 (in Russian).

Dafner E.V., 1987. The influence of regulation of coastal zone of the Barents Sea on the input of nutrients. Deposit in VINITI 30.01.1987 N 735-B87. The herald of the Moscow State University, ser. Geography, Moscow, MSU, pp.14-20 (in Russian).

Papers in reparation (Questionable now):

Dafner E.V., M. González-Dávila, J. and M. Santana-Casiano. Mediterranean eddies: carbonate system properties in the Canary-Madeira Basin. Application to the North Atlantic, Geophysical Research Letter (in preparation).

Dafner E.V., R. Boscalo, H. L. Bryden, Dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the Strait of Gibraltar, Journal of Marine Research (in preparation).

Dafner E.V. and A. Szmant, An assessment of continuous flow analysis method for simultaneous determination of total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in aquatic environments (in preparation).

Proceedings

Dafner E.V., A.I. Obzhirov and O. Veretchagina, 1995. The distribution of molecular nitrogen in waters of the Sea of Okhotsk. Ocean 95 MTS/IEEE. Proceedings. San-Diego, vol. 3: 956-961.

Abstracts

Morris P., K. Bjorkman, P. McAndrew, E.V. Dafner, T. Gregory, A. Shea, P. Williams and D. Karl, 2004. The net metabolic balance of the open ocean: a test of the nutrient loading hypothesis. Abstract, ASLO/TOC Ocean Research 2004 Conference, February 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Clemente T., K. Bjorkman, E.V. Dafner, L. Fujieki, N. Jachowski, D. Sadler, G. Corno, R. Letelier, M. Church, J. Zehr, D. Karl, 2004. Regionalization of the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) observations. Abstract, ASLO/TOC Ocean Research 2004 Conference, February 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii.

González-Dávila M., J. M. Santana-Casiano and E. V. Dafner, 2002. Seasonal variability of carbon dioxide fluxes in the North Atlantic. European Geophysical Union Spring Meeting, April 2002, Nice, France

Sempéré R., E.V. Dafner, F. Van Wambeke, D. Lefèvre, M. Bianchi, C. Magen, S. Allègre, M. Bianchi and L. Prieur, 2002. Total organic carbon distribution and cycling across a geostrophic front in Mediterranean Sea. Implications for the western basin carbon cycle. European Geophysical Union Spring Meeting, April 2002, Nice, France.

Dafner E.V., M. González-Dávila, J. and M. Santana-Casiano, 2001. The evaluation and peculiarities of carbon transport by the Mediterranean outflow to the open Atlantic. AGU 2001 Ocean Fall Sciences Meeting, December 10-14, San Francisco, Cite abstracts as Eos Trans. AGU, 82(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract.

Goutx M., L. Striby, G. Gorsky, M. Picheral, E.V. Dafner, R. Sempéré and I. Obernosterer, 1999. Distribution, nature and reactivity of suspended and dissolved organic matter transported through the Strait of Gibraltar in June and September 97. CANIGO Conference, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, 12-16 September 1999, p. 39.

Dafner E.V., R. Sempéré and M. Goutx, 1999. Seasonal and interannual variations of organic carbon exchanges through the Strait of Gibraltar. CANIGO Conference, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, 12-16 September 1999, p. 51-52.

Gonzales-Davilia M., M. Santana-Casiano, E.V. Dafner and M. Goutx, 1999. The carbon dioxide system in the Strait of Gibraltar. CANIGO Conference, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, 12-16 September 1999, p. 53.

Sempéré R., E.V. Dafner, B.Marroni, C. Panagiotopoulos and F. Van Wambeke, 1998. Total and dissolved organic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea. 3^rd MTP-II-MATER WORKSHOP on the variability of the Mediterranean Sea. 15-17 October, Rhodos, Greece, p. 132.

Van Wambeke F., F. Diaz, R. Sempéré, E. Dafner, P. Conan, M. Bianchi and P. Ramboult, 1998. Variability of heterotrophic bacterial processes in NW Mediterranean Sea during spring (High Frequency Flux Experiment). 3^rd MTP-II-MATER WORKSHOP on the variability of the Mediterranean Sea. 15-17 October, Rhodos, Greece, pp. 150-151.

Dafner E.V., R. Sempéré, M. Goutx and M. Bianchi, 1998. Preliminary results of total and dissolved organic carbon distribution and estimations of its balance through the Strait of Gibraltar. 2nd MAST 3 - CANIGO Project Meeting, 11-14 January, Lisbon.

Goutx M., M. Gonzales-Davilia, M. Santana-Casiano, E.V. Dafner, R. Sempéré, L. Striby, F. Jimenez-Gomez, J. Rodrigues, F. Echevarria, L. Prieto, G. Gorsky and M. Picheral, 1998. Source of variability of carbon exchanges in the Strait of Gibraltar with special emphasis on the Medoutflow. 2nd MAST 3 - CANIGO Project Meeting, 11-14 January, Lisbon.

Goutx M., R. Sempéré, L. Striby, E.V. Dafner, M. Bianchi and R. Lafont, 1998. Dissolved and particulate matter fluxes in a highly dynamic system: The Gibraltar Strait. AGU 1998 Ocean Sciences Meeting, February 9-13, San Diego.

Dafner E.V. and L. Goeyens, 1996. The distribution of dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean. International Symposium on Environmental Research in the Antarctic, 3 - 4 December, Tokyo, Japan, p.38.

Dafner E.V., 1996. General regularities of total organic phosphorus distribution in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. International Symposium on Environmental Research in the Antarctic, 3 - 4 December, Tokyo, Japan, p.39.

Agatova A.I. and E.V. Dafner, 1995. Dissolved and particulate nucleic acid in the Okhosk Sea during the summer seasons, 1992-1994. 29th Annual Congress. Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, 2 May, p. 81.

Dafner E.V. and O. Veretchagina, 1995. Methane, molecular nitrogen and production-destruction processes in ecosystem of the Okhotsk and Bering Seas. 29th Annual Congress. Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, 2 May, p.80.

Agatova A.I., N.I. Lapina, N.I. Torgunova and E.V. Dafner, 1995. Peculiarities of distribution of biochemical components of organic matter in the open and coastal oceans. XXI General Assembly of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 5-12 August, p.213.

Dafner E.V. and O. Veretchagina, 1995. The occurrence and distribution of methane in the Okhotsk and Bering Seas, Kuril Islands marine environment. XXI General Assembly of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 5-12 August, p. 215.

Dafner E.V., 1995. Distribution, transformation and estimation of the flux of organic matter, based on the data on organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents between the Polar and Secondary Frontal Zones in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. International Symposium. Carbon flux and dynamic processes in the Southern Ocean: Present and Past. Brest, France, 28-31 August, p. 103.

Dafner E.V. and P.Yu. Selin, 1993. Frontal Zones as Ecological Boundaries in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. IX Conference on Fisheries Oceanology. Moscow, pp. 22-24 (in Russian).

Torgunova N.I. and E.V. Dafner, 1992. Organic matter and its biochemical composition in waters of the White Sea. Problems of study, rational use and concentration of natural resources in the White Sea. V Regional Conference. Petrozavodsk, September, pp. 86-87 (in Russian).

Dafner E.V. and P.Yu.,Selin, 1991. Chemical species as indicators of Frontal Zones of the Southwestern Atlantic Antarctic. 2nd All-Union Conference on complex study of nature of the Atlantic Ocean. Kaliningrad, 20-26 April, pp. 23-24 (in Russian).

Referees

Professor James F. Merritt

Address: Associate Director, Center for Marine Sciences, UNC at Wilmington, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, U.S.A.

Phone: (910) 962-2303

Fax: (910) 962-2310

E-mail: merrittj@uncwil.edu

Professor Harry L. Bryden

Address: Southampton Oceanography Center, Empress Dock, Southampton SO143ZH, U.K

Phone: (44)-23-80596437

Fax: (44)-23-80596204

E-mail: H.Bryden@soc.soton.ac.uk

Professor Melchor González-Dávila

Address: Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas, Grand Canaria, Spain

Phone: (34) 928-45291

Fax: (34)-928-452922

E-Mail: mglez@cicei.ulpgc.es

Statement of research accomplishments

My first research when I applied geochemical, biological and oceanographycal method of analyses for the study of methane distribution over the water column. This work showed that maximal concentration of methane were observed in areas of discharge from anaerobic zones of bottom sediment and oil gas deposits, destruction of crystallohydrates, and emission along fractures in the earth’s crust. Migration of methane from bottom sediments resulted in the establishment of a maximum even at the intermediate depths.

The same time, my research were focused on the organic and inorganic carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles in the ocean at varying spatial and temporal scales. In the Alboran Sea, NW Mediterranean (France JGOFS-Almofront program), I studied the distribution of dissolved organic C and its microbial biodegradation over the water column in the Almeria-Oran front. In conditions of the highly dynamical frontal zone, it was found that both physical and biological processes affect the carbon cycle. In the Rhône River plume (MAST III program, EC), I participated in a high frequency experiment which showed a high rate of organic material bacterial remineralization at short-time scales (from hours to several days). Seasonal variability of organic and inorganic carbon fluxes through the Strait of Gibraltar was studied during the CANIGO project (MAST III program, EC). This research showed a large seasonal variability of carbon transports through the Strait, and the importance of biological processes in the waters adjacent to the Strait (Gulf of Cádiz and Western Alboran Sea) on the dissolved organic C exchange between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea.

In the eastern North Atlantic, I studied the carbon dioxide exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere and the seasonal behavior of the carbonate system properties over the water column under the French national Program POMME (Programme Océanographique Multidisciplinaire Méso-Echelle). The major objective of this project was to understand the subduction mechanisms of 11-12 ^oC mode water and how it affects biological production, the carbon budget and the fate of organic material after subduction in the northeast Atlantic. We found a large spatial and temporal variability of CO₂ exchanges between the ocean and the atmosphere during winter and spring events and a large variability of the carbonate system properties associated with the Mediterranean Water and Mediterranean eddies (Meddies) in particular.

At the Center for Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, I studied N and P cycles in the coastal (estuaries, tidal creeks and salt marshes) and shelf environments. For these studies, I modified a manual method for simultaneous determination of total dissolved N and P in a single sample for the Continuous Flow AutoAnalyzer III (Bran+Luebbe) and applied this method for fresh and seawater samples. These data showed that despite a high level of anthropogenic pressure at the uppermost coastal waters, there was a self-regulation in the coastal ecosystem which retains significant amounts of N and P species from the load to the shelf water. In addition, I examined the annual variability of N and P species in the coral reefs areas along the Atlantic coast of Florida Keys. This data will be used in future work for monitoring of the response of coral reefs on nutrient loads in highly populated islands environments.

During my work for the Hawaiian Ocean Time Series Station (HOT), I supervised the nutrient facility of the program. My responsibility included the quality control insurance for dissolved organic and mineral N, P and silicate species analyses in samples collected for the last few years at the Station ALOHA. My primary duty included organization of high performance analytical facility, and data quality control, as well as participating in HOT cruises.

My teaching interests

Carbon cycle and global change in marine environments

(taught at the Center for Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington)

This course aims to answer the following questions
Why is it so important to study the carbon cycle in seawater?
A history of the marine carbon study.
A short outline of the methods for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) determination.
Chemical characterization of marine carbon
Geography of marine carbon studies and general features of distribution.
Different size classes of organic carbon: total organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, DOC, colloidal organic carbon (COC).
DIC and DOC sources in marine systems: terrestrial and rainwater inputs; sediment as a DOC source; phytoplankton production; grazers as a source of marine DOC.
DIC and DOC fluxes through the food chain.
Carbon availability in the ocean and its age or residence time estimates.
The fate of organic carbon in marine systems and introduction to ‘the microbial loop’.
Ratio of DOC vs. apparent oxygen utilization.
The role of colloidal OM in metal complexation.
The role of UV radiation in DOM photochemical oxidation.
Colored organic material and monitoring of the DOC bulk by satellite images.
Different models of carbon cycling in the marine system and the global change, and future perspectives in marine carbon study.

Introduction to practical nutrient chemistry

The major goal of this course is to develop practical experience with nutrient analyses of seawater. This course will start with a short overview of nutrient chemistry in chemical oceanography and freshwater environmental studies. The practical work will begin with analyses of o-phosphate, silicate, ammonium by classical manual methods using the spectrophotometer. As the next step, students will be introduced to the theory of flow analyzers (Technicon^®, Alpkem^® or Bran+Luebbe). They will study how to analyze nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, and silicate operating any available AutoAnalyzers. As an expected result, students will have knowledge necessary for their work with nutrient chemistry while working on a MS thesis. I recommend the combination of this course with the course in ‘Experimental oceanography’.

Experimental oceanography

This course aims to introduce students to environmental fieldwork and includes all steps from the preparation to the field, to reports and papers written after the filed. This course requires student participation in short filed trip (cruises) to collect data and samples. The major directions of this course are:

1. Planning an experiment in oceanography.

This step includes a development of the strategy of work and answers the question what kind of survey should be chosen: section, site or time-series station. What kind of data should be collected (T, S, O₂, nutrients, phytoplankton, and so forth) to resolve the problem. How to organize interdisciplinary observations to cover the required information.

2. Prior cruise preparation

Some examples of the calibration of sensors will be shown (for example, conductivity-temperature-depth probe, CTD). Students should prepare glassware for sample collection. Suggested parameters for post-cruise analyses are: salinity, oxygen and nutrients (additionally perhaps dissolved organic carbon).

3. Field/cruise and data collection

Participation in short cruises off shore from the university. The unique location of the Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences allows conducting sampling in diverse marine systems. Data from these cruises can be analyzed along a section. In the cruise students should be introduced to organization of oceanographic work on the research vessel and for what parameter samples should be collected first, second and so forth, and why, and how to collect samples to avoid contamination.

4. Post field trip data analysis

This step aims to teach students with some basic knowledge of dissolved oxygen and nutrient analyses. Dissolved oxygen will be analyzed by classical titration, using Winkler’s method. As result of field and laboratory work, students will have a set of temperature, salinity, density, oxygen, o-phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and silicate data. For further spatial data analyses as maps or sections, I propose to use the common Software programs in oceanography for data treatment. Physical (T-S analysis for characterization of different water mass, calculation of dynamic anomalies for estimation of currents through the section) and chemical (chlorophyll a, b, c some other phytopigments ‘Redfield’ ratio O₂-nutrients, nutrient-nutrient) data will be used to characterize the hydrographic structure of coastal waters and estimation of biological processes occurring there. If it would be possible, the section can be repeated twice or thrice for studies of the temporal and spatial variability in the area.

5. Report and paper preparation

As a final result of this course, students will write a short report or paper summarizing the field and laboratory research. It will be collegial work by groups of students taking this course. The final product will consist of the introduction, material and methods, results and discussions. Participation in the report writing will allow the students to work in the library with scientific literature.

The experimental oceanography course will incorporate lecture, practical work in the laboratory, field work on the board ship, laboratory sample analyzes, student self work in the library, preparation and short presentations about methods of analyses and areas of research and the final presentation of results in the special seminars. As a result of this course student will be prepared for scientific research and writing of a MS thesis. It would be useful to take this course together with the course ‘Introduction to practical nutrient chemistry’.

Comments for this course. This course will be benefited if it will be supported by interdisciplinary collaboration with biologists and physicists from the Department. First scientists in short can contribute to the theory and methods of work in biological oceanography. It will be very useful to show students for example, sample collection for phytoplankton or ichthyoplankton on the cruise. Second scientists can help with some data from the acoustic Doppler current profiler for better understanding of the hydrological situation in the area of studies.

Regional oceanography

This course aims at an overview of the World Ocean as one system where different water masses interact. During this course students will be introduced to major oceanographic processes occurring in the different regions of the oceans. It will start with the definition of a water mass, and the introduction of T-S analysis as a major and simple method used in oceanography for studying water masses. The next step provides an identification of major water masses in the ocean, how they form and areas of their formation, how they mix and decay. Students will learn about conservative and non-conservative tracers of different water masses in the ocean and about biogeochemical processes occurring in water masses. During this course students will be introduced to spatial and temporal classification of different processes occurring in the ocean (micro-, meso-, synoptic-, planetary scales). They will learn about currents, frontal zones, fronts, eddies and other hydrological features in the ocean as an examples of different scale processes. I propose during this course lectures will combine with practical discussion in the laboratory where students will participate in preparation and give presentations on one of the chosen topic. They also will participate in writing several papers.

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